Physics

Physics
Physics at Kent helps you discover how the universe works, from sub-atomic particles to the large-scale structure of space, while building the practical, data-driven skills employers value.

You’ll develop a strong grounding in core physics (such as quantum mechanics, special relativity and electromagnetism) and explore modern areas shaping the future, such as photonics, materials science and applications of AI in the physical sciences.

From day one, you’ll learn like a physicist: solving problems, working with data, and using tools such as Python to analyse and present results. You’ll study in a friendly, supportive community, and graduate with an Institute of Physics–accredited degree that helps you thrive in research, industry, or a wide range of analytical careers.

Foundation year

You’ll focus on the foundations of physics and develop your mathematical, experimental and programming skills.

Year in Industry

Combining your degree with a Professional Placement year will allow you to gain valuable work experience and discover how physics is applied in the real world. Your placement can take place in the UK or abroad and many pay a salary.

Year Abroad

You'll have the opportunity to spend your third year studying abroad at one of our partner institutions. This provides a wealth of personal and professional benefits. You'll experience a different culture, establish international contacts, grow in self-confidence and enhance your employability.

In addition, you'll develop the transferable skills to open up a world of job opportunities, leading to careers in research, aeronautics, engineering, medical physics, defence, teaching, finance and data analytics.

Your future
You’ll graduate with an excellent grounding in scientific knowledge and extensive laboratory experience, as well as a toolbox of transferable skills highly sought after by employers. These include excellent communication and problem-solving skills; analytical thinking; effective time management; and the ability to work independently or as part of a team. Typical graduate destinations include:

• cyber security

• finance and banking

• medical physics

• postgraduate research

• software development

• space industry

Foundation Year

The following modules are what students typically study, but this may change year to year in response to new developments and innovations.

Foundation Year compulsory modules currently include the following:

• Foundation Skills for Engineering, Mathematics and Physics - Your preparation for an engineering, mathematics or physics degree starts here. You will develop critical thinking and problem solving skills required to underpin your studies as well as beginning to gain knowledge to enable you to start using measurement instruments, understand forces, and fundamental electric circuits. Your ability to work with results including measurement errors as well as report writing skills will also be developed to support you throughout the degree and your professional life.

• Foundation Algebra and Geometry - A solid grasp of algebra and geometry is a fundamental requirement for advanced study in any STEM subject. In this module, you will study foundational algebra and coordinate geometry required for Stage 1 entry into your chosen degree. You will see why they are so vital to your subject area. In addition you will learn how to reason with logarithms, exponentials and gain skills in solving equations.

• Foundation Statistics and Programming to Explore Your Subject - You’ll learn the basics of probability, statistics, and hypothesis testing necessary for advanced study. In particular, you’ll gain skills in using measures of central tendency such as the mean, median, and mode, and measures of dispersion such as the range, variance, and standard deviation. You’ll learn how to use quartiles and percentiles, and to interpret and create histograms, box plots, and other graphical representations of data. In probability theory you’ll gain an understanding of the core probability rules, see how to use conditional probability, and become familiar with the binomial and normal distributions, expectation, and variance. You’ll also learn how to use basic programming techniques to help solve problems in statistics.

• Foundation Mechanics and Materials - Learn about the interplay of the core concepts physicists and engineers use to describe the behaviour of objects in the world around us. Establish the relevant quantities, units and dimensions giving you the tools to understand mechanics and materials. Learn about characterising the motion of objects through distance, velocity and acceleration with time graphs. You will examine the behaviours of forces through Newtons' Laws and the relationship between those forces and work, power and energy. You will learn about gravity as a force field, as well as circular and rotational motion. Physical bodies are usually solids, but liquids and gases also obey the laws of mechanics. The property of temperature provides an explanation for the different phases of matter.

• Foundation Functions and Calculus - In this module, you will develop your knowledge of mathematical functions to give you a solid foundation with which to grasp calculus and other advanced topics. You will then move on to study differential calculus and its applications – allowing you to quantify and model rates of change mathematically and consistently and find the gradient of any curve – followed by integral calculus and differential equations – allowing you to find anti-derivatives and model real-life situations.

• Foundation Waves, Vibrations and Electromagnetics - To prepare you for future study in your chosen degree, you will learn to analyse physical waves, vibrations, alternating current and electromagnetic waves. You will also gain awareness of the principles of electrostatics and magnetism, as well as being introduced to atomic physics.

For more detailed information about these modules, please visit our website.

Year 1

The following modules are what students typically study, but this may change year to year in response to new developments and innovations.

Year 1 compulsory modules currently include the following:

• Mathematics I - Through the calculus component, you will delve into the fundamental principles of differentiation and integration, emphasising their relevance in physics applications. This foundation will pave the way for mastering key techniques directly applicable to physics problems and scenarios. Additionally, you will be introduced to scientific programming in Python, expanding your horizons in the application of computer and IT packages used to build mathematical models of physical behaviour.

• Introduction to Optics, Astronomy and Relativity - You’ll study light focussing on the key principles of geometrical optics, and how they allow us to design and understand instruments including astronomical telescopes. This will lead into an exploration of important topics in modern astronomy, such as determining distances and observational properties of stars, beginning with our own solar system and extending to objects at the very limits of the observable universe.

• Mathematics II - Building on your knowledge developed through ‘Mathematics I’ you’ll explore key mathematical techniques involving multiple independent variables. These include the topics of differential equations, multivariate calculus, non-Cartesian coordinates, and vector calculus that are needed for further study in physics.

• Laboratory and Programming Skills - By completing this module, you’ll become a competent user of experimental, computational and communication tools, understanding the inherent uncertainties of empirical science and what this means in relation to scientific findings, and knowing the standards expected of you in reporting scientific results, in readiness for more advanced laboratory work.

• Mechanics - Explore concepts such as momentum, energy, rotational motion, angular momentum, and gravitational forces, and gain an appreciation of the mathematical description of harmonic oscillations and learn how to apply them to real-world scenarios. In addition to these core topics, you’ll cover a range of related subjects essential for understanding key concepts in physics and how they underpin natural phenomena. Through delving into associated areas such as static equilibrium, elastic properties of objects, and fluid mechanics, you’ll gain a deeper understanding of the physical world and make connections between seemingly disparate phenomena.

• Introduction to Waves, Fields and the Quantum World - You’ll explore waves, fields and the quantum world through two parts, giving you the chance to make rapid progress and get the knowledge you need for further investigation and exploration.

For more detailed information about these modules, please visit our website.

Year 2

The following modules are what students typically study, but this may change year to year in response to new developments and innovations.

Year 2 compulsory modules currently include the following:

• Mathematical Techniques for Physical Sciences - Building on a strong mathematical foundation for further study and research, the skills you develop will not only benefit you academically but also enhance your employability, preparing you for technical roles in research, engineering, data analysis, and beyond, where rigorous mathematical reasoning and problem-solving abilities are highly valued by employers.

• Physics Group Laboratory Project - Modern science is a collaborative effort, requiring physicists to work in teams of varying sizes, and to communicate their results to a wide range of audiences. We ensure you will develop your ability to conduct complex investigations as a team, and to disseminate your outcomes.

• Quantum and Atomic Physics - This module introduces you to critical terminology and mathematical concepts fundamental to quantum mechanics, such as eigenstates, eigenvalues, and expectation values. You will explore the Schrödinger equation through various important systems, including two-state systems, particles in simple potentials, and the simple harmonic oscillator. You will also learn how to use the Schrödinger equation in different coordinate systems to understand the concept of angular momentum in quantum mechanics.

• Electromagnetism and Relativity - Electromagnetism and Relativity are two fundamental classical theories in Physics. You'll be introduced to a range of important laws and principles that lay the foundation for studies in these fields. You'll develop an understanding of magnetic and electric fields and how to apply Maxwell’s laws to describe all phenomena involving electromagnetic waves (from radio waves to visible light, X-rays and gamma rays).

• Machine Learning for Natural Sciences - Building on key Python programming skills, you'll manipulate authentic datasets, preprocess data for analysis, select suitable algorithms, and interpret outcomes. This involves formulating hypotheses, devising experimental setups to validate hypotheses, and employing statistical and machine learning techniques to analyse results.

Optional modules may include the following:

• Observational Astronomy and Exoplanets - Build on the introduction to astronomy taught in earlier stages. You will enhance your knowledge of astrophysics through the study of the theory, formalism and fundamental principles, developing a rigorous grounding in observational, computational and theoretical aspects of astrophysics.

• Spacecraft Design and Operations - On this module you'll discuss the design and operations of spacecraft, including satellites, to explore answers to these questions. We'll introduce the harsh environment of space, the hazards posed to spacecraft, and how we design spacecraft to overcome these challenges. You'll also develop your understanding of the major subsystems of a spacecraft through the study of the theory, formalism and fundamental principles, as well as the framework to understand spacecraft trajectories and orbits.

For more detailed information about these modules, please visit our website.

Year in Industry (BSc courses)

Year in Industry

You have the option to add a year in industry to this course. We already know you have the confidence and commitment to thrive in the workplace and kick-start your career. This is your chance to prove it, to yourself and to employers.

Any questions? We have the answers.

When should I start looking? Companies will recruit at different times of the year based on their size. It's good to be application ready by the summer of your first year.

Where can I get help finding a placement? Book an appointment with a placement adviser via the careers service.

Will I get paid? Most of our placements are paid.

Do I have to pay tuition fees? Yes, you’ll pay a substantially reduced fee. Fees for the current year (subject to changes) can be found on our tuition fees website.

Where can I get visa advice if I’m an international student? Kent Students' Union can help with any visa queries.

Does the University keep in touch? You receive four-weekly check-in emails, a visit from the team every three months and you can reach out to us any time by email or phone.

Do I work for a full year? The minimum requirement for an industrial placement is 44 weeks.

Year Abroad (MPhys courses)

Go Abroad

Taking a year abroad – whether you study at one of our prestigious partner universities or do an internship – is an amazing opportunity.

Any questions? We have the answers.

Is there any additional funding for the year abroad? You may be able to apply for funding; check with our Go abroad team.

Do I have to pay tuition fees for the year abroad? Yes, you’ll pay a substantially reduced fee. Fees for the current year (subject to changes) can be found on our tuition fees website. You don’t pay anything to the host uni.

Will I still get my maintenance loan? Yes.

When does the year abroad take place? Between your second and final year.

Do I have to learn a foreign language? You’re taught in English in many destinations, but you’ll get more out of your year if you learn the local language.

Does the University keep in touch? You have full access to all Kent’s support services as well as our dedicated Go abroad team.

Year 3

The following modules are what students typically study, but this may change year to year in response to new developments and innovations.

Year 3 compulsory modules currently include the following:

• Modern Optics and Photonics - This module provides you with an immersive experience, allowing you to discover fundamental and contemporary concepts that shape our understanding of how light interacts with matter. You'll explore the practical applications of optics and photonics in various fields, such as telecommunications, medicine, manufacturing, and computing, giving you experience aligned with a range of potential careers.

• Thermal and Statistical Physics - Explore the classic theory of thermodynamics and how the thermal properties of physical objects can be described in terms of their microscopic properties through the application of statistical mechanics. You'll learn the three laws of thermodynamics and how to use them to understand physical phenomena, such as the conversion of heat into work in an engine or the cooling cycle in a refrigerator.

• Condensed Matter Physics - Explore the constituents of matter and how the structured arrangement of atoms in a solid gives rise to their properties.

• Problem Solving in Physics - Become more fluent and adept at solving and discussing general problems in Physics (and its related disciplines of mathematics and engineering). This includes the use of numerical approximations to solve problems, building on the programming skills already gained , complementing the analytical methods that students have been trained to use in earlier stages.

• Advanced Physics Laboratory and Investigation - Gain skills in planning, executing, and analysing laboratory experiments. There will be extensive use of laboratory notebooks, comprehensive data analysis and a greater emphasis on understanding the relation to theory. In addition, the module enhances students’ ability to prepare the more detailed laboratory reports. The module will include a number of small experiments plus a longer (project) experiment. The experiments might use apparatus or be theoretical.

Optional modules may include the following:

• Medical Physics - Medical physics is an essential component of modern healthcare, supporting the diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of diseases. You’ll learn specialist medical applications of physics, including a focus on the practical aspects relevant to professional practice.

• Introduction to Quantum Computing & Quantum Cryptography - You’ll study two particularly promising quantum technologies: quantum computation, and quantum cryptography. You’ll gain an overview of the mathematical and theoretical knowledge required to tackle these more specialised and advanced topics, before learning the basic principles of quantum algorithms and quantum cryptography.

For more detailed information about these modules, please visit our website.

Year 4 (MPhys year)

The following modules are what students typically study, but this may change year to year in response to new developments and innovations.

Year 4 compulsory modules currently include the following:

• MPhys Research Project - The MPhys Research Project offers a transformative capstone experience in physics research. You'll undertake individual, open-ended projects tailored to your specialisation and passions, aligning with ongoing departmental research.

• Advanced Quantum Mechanics - Quantum mechanics is the theoretical basis of much of modern physics. Building on the quantum theory studied in earlier stages, this module will review some key foundational ideas before developing more advanced topics of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. The syllabus will first cover some core topics including perturbation theory, operator methods, time evolution and many-body systems. Advanced topics will be explored by considering contemporary issues in quantum and atomic physics topics and how research is addressing them, with reference to current research in the School of Physics and Astronomy.

Optional modules may include the following:

• Quantum Materials - In quantum materials the fundamental laws that govern matter at the atomic level manifest on the scale of everyday objects. Their study is of fundamental interest as well as forming the basis of many advanced quantum technologies.

• Biomedical Optics - Biomedical optics is a rapidly growing field that applies the power of light to applications in medicine and biology. Building on Kent’s research strengths in this area, you’ll be introduced to the fundamentals of light-tissue interaction and its impact on healthcare by academics at the very forefront of the field.

• Analytical Mechanics - To further explore physics and make a real impact in the field, you'll need to build on the classical mechanics learned previously, in which you mostly treated objects as idealised point masses, and develop the theoretical background necessary to treat more realistic systems.

• Artificial Intelligence for Natural Sciences - The rise of artificial intelligence is greatly impact every field, including natural sciences. Gain the practical skills you need to apply artificial intelligence techniques across various natural sciences disciplines. Acknowledging the critical need for machine learning expertise in fields ranging from medical sports to chemistry and physics, you’ll gain hands-on learning, preparing you to meet the demands of industry and academic research that increasingly rely on artificial intelligence for data analysis, forecasting, and classification tasks.

For more detailed information about these modules, please visit our website.

Professionally accredited courses provide industry-wide recognition of the quality of your qualification.

• Physics, Institute of